December 16 article on the US “Eurasian Review” website, original title: India's industrial dreams are tested by China's reality, India is at a critical moment in economic development. As multinational companies seek to diversify their supply chains and reduce their dependence on China, India does have an opportunity to become an important global manufacturing and export center. However, opportunities alone are far from enough. China's rise to become a global manufacturing power is the result of decades of precise policies, huge industrial scale, and consistent implementation. For India, the real challenge is understanding the depth of this transformation and evaluating the distance it still needs to overcome. According to World Bank data, China currently contributes nearly 30% of global manufacturing output, while India accounts for only about 3%. In monetary terms, China produces more than 5 trillion US dollars of manufactured goods per year, while India is only about 500 billion US dollars. China's strength lies in its dense and highly integrated industrial ecosystem. Shenzhen alone exports more electronics products than all of India. In China's major manufacturing regions, smartphone or electric vehicle manufacturers can obtain almost all components nearby, thereby reducing costs, speeding up production, and enabling rapid innovation.

December 16 article on the US “Eurasian Review” website, original title: India's industrial dreams are tested by China's reality, India is at a critical moment in economic development. As multinational companies seek to diversify their supply chains and reduce their dependence on China, India does have an opportunity to become an important global manufacturing and export center. However, opportunities alone are far from enough. China's rise to become a global manufacturing power is the result of decades of precise policies, huge industrial scale, and consistent implementation. For India, the real challenge is understanding the depth of this transformation and evaluating the distance it still needs to overcome. According to World Bank data, China currently contributes nearly 30% of global manufacturing output, while India accounts for only about 3%. In monetary terms, China produces more than 5 trillion US dollars of manufactured goods per year, while India is only about 500 billion US dollars. China's strength lies in its dense and highly integrated industrial ecosystem. Shenzhen alone exports more electronics products than all of India. In China's major manufacturing regions, smartphone or electric vehicle manufacturers can obtain almost all components nearby, thereby reducing costs, speeding up production, and enabling rapid innovation.