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华尔街日报REN - Redes Energéticas Nacionais SGPS (ELI:RENE) Has A Somewhat Strained Balance Sheet
The external fund manager backed by Berkshire Hathaway's Charlie Munger, Li Lu, makes no bones about it when he says 'The biggest investment risk is not the volatility of prices, but whether you will suffer a permanent loss of capital.' When we think about how risky a company is, we always like to look at its use of debt, since debt overload can lead to ruin. Importantly, REN - Redes Energéticas Nacionais, SGPS, S.A. (ELI:RENE) does carry debt. But the real question is whether this debt is making the company risky.
When Is Debt Dangerous?
Debt is a tool to help businesses grow, but if a business is incapable of paying off its lenders, then it exists at their mercy. Ultimately, if the company can't fulfill its legal obligations to repay debt, shareholders could walk away with nothing. While that is not too common, we often do see indebted companies permanently diluting shareholders because lenders force them to raise capital at a distressed price. Of course, the upside of debt is that it often represents cheap capital, especially when it replaces dilution in a company with the ability to reinvest at high rates of return. When we examine debt levels, we first consider both cash and debt levels, together.
What Is REN - Redes Energéticas Nacionais SGPS's Net Debt?
The image below, which you can click on for greater detail, shows that REN - Redes Energéticas Nacionais SGPS had debt of €2.46b at the end of September 2025, a reduction from €2.60b over a year. And it doesn't have much cash, so its net debt is about the same.
How Strong Is REN - Redes Energéticas Nacionais SGPS' Balance Sheet?
According to the last reported balance sheet, REN - Redes Energéticas Nacionais SGPS had liabilities of €1.43b due within 12 months, and liabilities of €2.31b due beyond 12 months. Offsetting these obligations, it had cash of €14.8m as well as receivables valued at €254.9m due within 12 months. So its liabilities outweigh the sum of its cash and (near-term) receivables by €3.47b.
The deficiency here weighs heavily on the €2.15b company itself, as if a child were struggling under the weight of an enormous back-pack full of books, his sports gear, and a trumpet. So we'd watch its balance sheet closely, without a doubt. After all, REN - Redes Energéticas Nacionais SGPS would likely require a major re-capitalisation if it had to pay its creditors today.
View our latest analysis for REN - Redes Energéticas Nacionais SGPS
In order to size up a company's debt relative to its earnings, we calculate its net debt divided by its earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) and its earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) divided by its interest expense (its interest cover). Thus we consider debt relative to earnings both with and without depreciation and amortization expenses.
REN - Redes Energéticas Nacionais SGPS has a debt to EBITDA ratio of 4.9 and its EBIT covered its interest expense 3.5 times. Taken together this implies that, while we wouldn't want to see debt levels rise, we think it can handle its current leverage. Fortunately, REN - Redes Energéticas Nacionais SGPS grew its EBIT by 8.4% in the last year, slowly shrinking its debt relative to earnings. When analysing debt levels, the balance sheet is the obvious place to start. But ultimately the future profitability of the business will decide if REN - Redes Energéticas Nacionais SGPS can strengthen its balance sheet over time. So if you want to see what the professionals think, you might find this free report on analyst profit forecasts to be interesting.
But our final consideration is also important, because a company cannot pay debt with paper profits; it needs cold hard cash. So we always check how much of that EBIT is translated into free cash flow. Over the last three years, REN - Redes Energéticas Nacionais SGPS saw substantial negative free cash flow, in total. While investors are no doubt expecting a reversal of that situation in due course, it clearly does mean its use of debt is more risky.
Our View
On the face of it, REN - Redes Energéticas Nacionais SGPS's conversion of EBIT to free cash flow left us tentative about the stock, and its level of total liabilities was no more enticing than the one empty restaurant on the busiest night of the year. But on the bright side, its EBIT growth rate is a good sign, and makes us more optimistic. We should also note that Integrated Utilities industry companies like REN - Redes Energéticas Nacionais SGPS commonly do use debt without problems. After considering the datapoints discussed, we think REN - Redes Energéticas Nacionais SGPS has too much debt. While some investors love that sort of risky play, it's certainly not our cup of tea. The balance sheet is clearly the area to focus on when you are analysing debt. However, not all investment risk resides within the balance sheet - far from it. For example, we've discovered 3 warning signs for REN - Redes Energéticas Nacionais SGPS (1 is a bit concerning!) that you should be aware of before investing here.
When all is said and done, sometimes its easier to focus on companies that don't even need debt. Readers can access a list of growth stocks with zero net debt 100% free, right now.
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This article by Simply Wall St is general in nature. We provide commentary based on historical data and analyst forecasts only using an unbiased methodology and our articles are not intended to be financial advice. It does not constitute a recommendation to buy or sell any stock, and does not take account of your objectives, or your financial situation. We aim to bring you long-term focused analysis driven by fundamental data. Note that our analysis may not factor in the latest price-sensitive company announcements or qualitative material. Simply Wall St has no position in any stocks mentioned.